文件上传

1. 基本操作

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<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="file" name="avatar">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
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def upload_list(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request,"upload_list.html")
    # 获取文件对象
    file_obj = request.FILES.get('avatar')

    # 将上传的文件本地保存
    f = open(file_obj.name,mode='wb')
    # 上传的文件按一块一块的读取
    for chunk in file_obj.chunks():
        f.write(chunk)
    f.close()
    return HttpResponse("上传成功！")

2. 案例：批量上传数据

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<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/depart/multi/">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="file" name="exc">
    <input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
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def depart_multi(request):
    """批量上传excel文件"""
    # 1. 获取对象
    file_obj = request.FILES.get("exc")
    # 2. 将对象传递给 openpyxl，由 openpyxl读取文件的内容
    wb = load_workbook(file_obj)
    sheet = wb.worksheets[0]
    # 3. 循环获取每一行的数据，排除第一行
    for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2):
        text = row[0].value
        # print(text)
        # 加入到数据库
        exists = models.Department.objects.filter(title=text).exists()
        if not exists:
            models.Department.objects.create(title=text)
    return redirect("/depart/list/")

3. 混合数据上传（Form）

  • 提交页面时，用户输入数据+文件（输入不能为空、报错）
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class UpForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(label="姓名")
    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
    img = forms.FileField(label="头像")
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<div class="panel panel-primary" style="width: 40rem;margin-top: 20px">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h3 class="panel-title">{{ title }}</h3>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" novalidate>
            {% csrf_token %}

            {% for field in form %}
            <div class="form-group">
                <lable>{{ field.label }}: </lable>
                {{ field }}
                <span style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
            </div>
            {% endfor %}

            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">保存</button>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>

3.1 创建一个数据库用来保存提交的数据

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class Boss(models.Model):
    """演示上传文件"""
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄", default=0)
    img = models.CharField(verbose_name="头像",max_length=128)

3.2 读取上传的文件内容，写入到文件夹中并获取文件路径，将路径保存到数据库

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def upload_list(request):
    """===================Form操作====================="""
    title = "Form上传"
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = UpForm()
        return render(request, "upload_list.html", {"form": form, "title": title})
    form = UpForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 1.读取上传的文件内容，写入到文件夹中并获取文件路径
        file_obj = form.cleaned_data.get("img")
        db_file_path = os.path.join("static", "images", file_obj.name)  # 在数据库中存储路径
        file_path = os.path.join("app01", db_file_path)
        f = open(file_path,"wb")
        for chunk in file_obj.chunks():
            f.write(chunk)
        f.close()
        # 2. 将文件路径保存到数据库
        models.Boss.objects.create(
            name=form.cleaned_data["name"],
            age=form.cleaned_data["age"],
            img=db_file_path,
        )
        return HttpResponse("...")
    return render(request, "upload_list.html", {"form": form, "title": title})

4. media文件夹-存放用户上传文件

在urls.py 文件中进行配置

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from django.urls import re_path
from django.views.static import serve
from day02 import settings

urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'media/(?P<path>.*)$',serve,{'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT},name='media'),
]

settings.py中设置

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MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

5. 混合数据上传（ModelForm）

  • models.py

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    class City(models.Model):
        """演示上传文件（ModelForm版本）"""
        name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=32)
        count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="人口", default=0)
        # FileField会自动保存文件路径到数据库，upload_to会将文件保存到相应路径
        img = models.FileField(verbose_name="Logo", max_length=128, upload_to='city/')

  • 定义ModelForm

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    class UpModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
        boot_exclude = ['img']
        class Meta:
            model = models.City
            fields = "__all__"

  • 视图

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    def upload_model_list(request):
        """上传数据（ModelForm版本）"""
        title = "ModelForm上传"
        if request.method == "GET":
            form = UpModelForm()
            return render(request,'upload_model_list.html',{"form":form, "title": title})
        form = UpModelForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return HttpResponse("上传成功")
        return render(request, 'upload_model_list.html', {"form": form, "title": title})